Neoplatonic mysticism

Definition

Neoplatonic mysticism is a philosophical and spiritual movement that emerged in the 3rd century CE, rooted in the teachings of Plato and developed by later thinkers like Plotinus. It emphasizes the pursuit of a direct, experiential union with the divine, often through meditation, contemplation, and the ascent of the soul toward a transcendent reality known as the One. This approach to spirituality integrates metaphysical concepts with practical methods for achieving personal transformation and enlightenment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neoplatonic mysticism seeks to bridge the gap between the material world and the divine through inner spiritual practices and philosophical inquiry.
2. The central goal of this mysticism is to achieve an ecstatic union with The One, which is viewed as the ultimate reality beyond all forms and differences.
3. Mystical experiences in neoplatonic thought are often characterized by a sense of oneness and transcendence, leading to profound personal transformation.
4. Key texts that shaped neoplatonic mysticism include Plotinus' 'Enneads,' which outlines his ideas about the nature of existence and the soul's journey toward divinity.
5. Neoplatonism heavily influenced early Christian thought, particularly in its understanding of the relationship between God and creation, as well as concepts of grace and salvation.

Review Questions

• How does neoplatonic mysticism conceptualize the relationship between the material world and the divine?
  • Neoplatonic mysticism views the material world as a reflection or shadow of a higher, transcendent reality. The material realm is seen as less real compared to The One, which is the ultimate source of all existence. Through spiritual practices like meditation and contemplation, practitioners aim to transcend the limitations of the physical world and achieve direct experiential knowledge of the divine.
• What role does The One play in neoplatonic mysticism, and how does it influence the practice of mystical ascent?
  • The One is central to neoplatonic mysticism as it represents the highest reality from which all existence emanates. It serves as both the origin and goal for practitioners seeking to unite with the divine. This influences mystical ascent by providing a clear objective; individuals strive to rise above their earthly experiences through inner contemplation to ultimately reunite with The One.
• Evaluate how neoplatonic mysticism has shaped later religious or philosophical movements, including its influence on Christianity.
  • Neoplatonic mysticism has had a significant impact on various religious and philosophical movements throughout history. Its concepts have been absorbed into early Christian theology, particularly in ideas about God’s nature and humanity's relationship with the divine. The emphasis on personal experience of God through inner transformation resonates in Christian mysticism and later theological developments, demonstrating how neoplatonism provided a framework that combined philosophy with spirituality across multiple traditions.

Related terms

Plotinus:

An ancient philosopher considered the founder of Neoplatonism, known for his works that explore the nature of reality, the soul, and the divine.

The One: In Neoplatonism, The One represents the ultimate source of all existence, transcending all attributes and distinctions, and serving as the goal of mystical ascent.

Emanation: A key concept in Neoplatonism, emanation refers to the process by which all things flow from The One in a hierarchical order, resulting in a structured reality.