Surveying

Definition

Surveying is the science and technique of measuring distances, angles, and elevations to establish the relative positions of points on the Earth's surface. This process is essential in archaeology for mapping out sites, understanding spatial relationships, and planning excavations, particularly when Hiram Bingham rediscovered Machu Picchu.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hiram Bingham utilized surveying techniques to document Machu Picchu's layout and its surrounding landscape during his rediscovery in 1911.
2. Accurate surveying allowed Bingham to create detailed maps that highlighted the unique architecture and agricultural terraces of Machu Picchu.
3. Surveying helps archaeologists identify not just structures but also the relationships between different areas within a site, providing context for their findings.
4. Modern archaeological surveying often employs technology like GPS and remote sensing to enhance accuracy and efficiency in site documentation.
5. Bingham's surveys contributed to the global interest in Incan culture and the significance of Machu Picchu as a historical site.

Review Questions

• How did Hiram Bingham's use of surveying techniques enhance the understanding of Machu Picchu?
  • Bingham's application of surveying techniques was crucial in mapping out Machu Picchu's intricate layout and its relationship with the surrounding landscape. By measuring distances and elevations, he was able to produce detailed maps that revealed the site's architectural features, agricultural terraces, and overall organization. This documentation not only highlighted the complexity of Incan engineering but also sparked global interest in the archaeological significance of Machu Picchu.
• Discuss the importance of modern surveying technology in archaeological research, particularly in relation to sites like Machu Picchu.
  • Modern surveying technology, such as GPS and remote sensing, significantly enhances archaeological research by providing precise measurements and comprehensive data collection. For sites like Machu Picchu, these tools enable archaeologists to create accurate topographic maps, identify previously unknown structures, and analyze spatial relationships within the site. The integration of such technology allows for a more efficient excavation planning process and contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient civilizations.
• Evaluate the impact of Hiram Bingham's rediscovery of Machu Picchu on the field of archaeology and how surveying played a role in this.
  • Bingham's rediscovery of Machu Picchu had a profound impact on archaeology by bringing global attention to Incan culture and igniting interest in Andean civilizations. Surveying was integral to this process, as it allowed Bingham to document the site's layout accurately and showcase its architectural brilliance. This meticulous mapping facilitated further research, leading to broader studies in archaeological methodology and the importance of preservation, ultimately shaping how future excavations are conducted worldwide.

Related terms

GPS:

Global Positioning System, a satellite-based navigation system used in surveying to determine precise locations on Earth.

Remote Sensing: The acquisition of information about an object or area from a distance, often using satellite or aerial imagery in archaeological surveys.

Topographic Mapping: Creating maps that represent the physical features of a landscape, including elevation changes, which helps archaeologists understand site contexts.