Justice as fairness

Definition

Justice as fairness is a philosophical concept that outlines a framework for ensuring that the principles of justice are applied in a fair and equitable manner within society. It emphasizes the importance of equal basic rights, fair equality of opportunity, and the difference principle, which aims to benefit the least advantaged members of society. This concept connects to broader theories of justice by proposing a way to structure social institutions so that they promote fairness and equality.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Justice as fairness is a key component of John Rawls' theory, which seeks to establish a fair framework for societal cooperation.
2. The idea relies on two main principles: equal basic rights for all and fair equality of opportunity.
3. The difference principle is crucial as it advocates that inequalities should only exist if they provide advantages to those who are worst off in society.
4. Rawls argues that in a just society, individuals would agree on these principles from an original position of equality, not knowing their own future status.
5. Justice as fairness has been influential in contemporary political philosophy, shaping discussions about distributive justice and social cooperation.

Review Questions

• How does justice as fairness propose to achieve equality within a society?
  • Justice as fairness suggests that achieving equality requires two main principles: equal basic rights for all individuals and fair equality of opportunity. This means that everyone should have the same fundamental freedoms and chances to succeed regardless of their background. By ensuring these principles are upheld, society can create an environment where fairness prevails, allowing individuals to thrive without systemic disadvantages.
• Evaluate the implications of the difference principle within the framework of justice as fairness.
  • The difference principle posits that social and economic inequalities are permissible only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. This principle significantly impacts policies regarding wealth distribution and social programs, pushing for reforms that support those who are struggling. By prioritizing the needs of the least advantaged, it aims to create a more equitable society where opportunities are not just available but also accessible to all.
• Critically analyze how the concept of the veil of ignorance shapes discussions on social justice and fairness.
  • The veil of ignorance is a powerful tool in discussions about social justice as it encourages individuals to make decisions without bias towards their own circumstances. By imagining themselves in an original position where they are unaware of their personal attributes, people are led to prioritize fairness and equality over self-interest. This thought experiment fosters a more objective perspective on justice, compelling individuals to create systems that ensure everyone’s rights and needs are addressed, which strengthens the foundation for justice as fairness in society.

Related terms

Rawlsian Justice: A form of justice based on the ideas of philosopher John Rawls, focusing on principles that would be chosen in an original position behind a veil of ignorance.

Veil of Ignorance: A method proposed by John Rawls to determine the principles of justice by imagining individuals making decisions without knowledge of their own social status or personal characteristics.

Difference Principle: A principle that permits social and economic inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society, ensuring that any disparities serve a greater good.