Schliemann's Excavations

Definition

Schliemann's excavations refer to the archaeological work conducted by Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century at sites believed to be linked to the ancient cities of Troy and Mycenae. His discoveries not only sparked a renewed interest in the historical and literary significance of the Trojan War but also played a key role in the early development of archaeology as a discipline, connecting these findings to the epic narratives of Homer and other ancient texts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Schliemann began his excavations at Hisarlik (the site of ancient Troy) in 1870, believing he could uncover the city described in Homer's works.
2. His excavations revealed several layers of ruins, with the most significant findings being from a layer he identified as 'Priam's Treasure,' which he believed belonged to the Trojan king Priam.
3. Schliemann's methods were often criticized for their lack of scientific rigor, as he frequently disregarded proper excavation techniques and context.
4. His work led to significant artifacts being discovered that validated parts of the epic narratives and ignited public interest in ancient history.
5. Although Schliemann claimed to have found evidence of the historical Trojan War, modern archaeology suggests that many aspects of his findings have been exaggerated or misinterpreted.

Review Questions

• How did Schliemann's excavations influence our understanding of the connection between archaeology and literature?
  • Schliemann's excavations significantly influenced our understanding by providing tangible evidence that linked archaeological findings to the narratives found in ancient texts like the Iliad. His work sparked a fascination with how historical events depicted in literature could have real-world counterparts. This connection helped establish a foundation for further archaeological studies that sought to understand the historical context behind literary works.
• Evaluate the methodologies used by Schliemann during his excavations and discuss their impact on archaeological practices.
  • Schliemann's methodologies were often criticized for lacking systematic approaches typical of modern archaeology. He tended to prioritize sensational discoveries over careful documentation and stratigraphic analysis. While his findings brought significant attention to archaeology, they also highlighted the need for more rigorous excavation techniques. This ultimately influenced future archaeological practices by emphasizing the importance of context and careful record-keeping in preserving historical integrity.
• Synthesize Schliemann's impact on both archaeology and public perception of ancient history in relation to the myths surrounding the Trojan War.
  • Schliemann's impact on archaeology was profound, as his excavations not only unearthed artifacts linked to ancient Troy but also popularized the idea that mythological narratives could hold historical truth. This synthesis reshaped public perception by blurring lines between myth and reality, encouraging both scholarly study and public fascination with ancient civilizations. His work initiated a cultural movement where epic tales were seen not just as stories but as potential reflections of actual events, influencing how history was taught and understood in later generations.

Related terms

Heinrich Schliemann: A German businessman and amateur archaeologist, known for his excavations at ancient Troy and Mycenae, which provided substantial evidence supporting the existence of these legendary sites.

Troy:

An ancient city located in modern-day Turkey, famously associated with the Trojan War and described in Homer's epics, particularly the Iliad.

Mycenaean Civilization: A late Bronze Age civilization that flourished in mainland Greece, known for its palatial states, art, and involvement in trade and warfare, often linked to the stories of the Iliad and Odyssey.