Jennie Gerhardt

Definition

Jennie Gerhardt is the title character of Theodore Dreiser's novel, published in 1911, who embodies the themes of naturalism by portraying a woman's struggle against societal constraints and the harsh realities of life. The character's experiences reflect the deterministic view of naturalism, where individual choices are influenced by environmental and social factors, showcasing how her love life and social standing are deeply intertwined with the socioeconomic conditions of her time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jennie Gerhardt is portrayed as a strong yet vulnerable woman who navigates love, social class, and moral dilemmas throughout the novel.
2. The novel reflects the societal norms of the early 20th century, particularly regarding women's roles and sexual morality.
3. Dreiser uses detailed character studies to emphasize how Jennie's circumstances dictate her choices and outcomes in life.
4. The relationship between Jennie and her lovers highlights the theme of dependency on men for financial stability and emotional fulfillment.
5. The narrative critiques the social injustices and class disparities that lead to Jennie's tragic circumstances, making it a significant work in American literature.

Review Questions

• How does Jennie Gerhardt exemplify the principles of naturalism in her life choices and experiences?
  • Jennie Gerhardt exemplifies naturalism through her life choices that are heavily influenced by her socio-economic background and the societal expectations placed upon women during her time. Her struggles with love and survival demonstrate how external forces such as poverty, gender roles, and social class shape her decisions. The narrative highlights that Jennie's life is not solely determined by her own choices but is significantly affected by the limitations imposed by her environment.
• In what ways does Theodore Dreiser use Jennie's relationships to comment on gender roles and societal expectations in early 20th-century America?
  • Theodore Dreiser uses Jennie's relationships to illustrate the restrictive gender roles and societal expectations that women faced in early 20th-century America. Throughout the novel, Jennie's dependence on men for financial support emphasizes the limited options available to women for self-sufficiency. Dreiser critiques these societal norms by showing how Jennie's worth is often measured by her relationships rather than her individuality, ultimately revealing the detrimental effects of such expectations on women's lives.
• Evaluate how the themes present in 'Jennie Gerhardt' reflect broader societal issues in America during its publication period and their relevance today.
  • The themes present in 'Jennie Gerhardt,' such as economic disparity, gender inequality, and moral conflicts, reflect broader societal issues in America during the early 20th century that are still relevant today. The novel showcases how individuals like Jennie are trapped by their circumstances, drawing parallels to contemporary discussions about social justice and economic mobility. By highlighting these enduring struggles, Dreiser's work invites readers to consider how societal structures continue to impact personal agency and identity, making it a timeless commentary on human experience.

Related terms

Naturalism:

A literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, emphasizing the influence of environment, heredity, and social conditions on human behavior.

Determinism: The philosophical concept that all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding events in accordance with the natural laws.

Theodore Dreiser: An American novelist and journalist known for his naturalist works, including 'Sister Carrie' and 'Jennie Gerhardt,' which explore the struggles of individuals in society.