Amartya Sen

Definition

Amartya Sen is an influential Indian economist and philosopher known for his work on welfare economics, development theory, and the concept of capabilities. His approach emphasizes the importance of individual well-being and social justice, arguing that economic development should focus on enhancing people's capabilities and freedoms rather than merely increasing income levels.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.
2. His work highlights the significance of education and health as crucial factors in enhancing individual capabilities and fostering economic development.
3. Sen argues that democracy is vital for development, as it provides individuals with the freedom to express their needs and participate in decision-making processes.
4. He emphasizes the role of social safety nets in reducing vulnerabilities and ensuring that marginalized populations have access to essential resources.
5. Sen's research has been foundational in shifting the focus of development policy from mere economic growth to a broader understanding of human welfare and dignity.

Review Questions

• How does Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach redefine our understanding of poverty compared to traditional economic measures?
  • Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach redefines poverty by shifting the focus from income-based measures to an assessment of individuals' capabilities to achieve valued outcomes. Rather than simply looking at whether people have enough money, this approach considers whether they can lead fulfilling lives and access essential services like education and healthcare. This broader perspective highlights how deprivation of capabilities leads to poverty, making it essential for policies to address these dimensions for effective poverty reduction.
• In what ways has Sen's work influenced modern approaches to economic development and policy formulation?
  • Sen's work has significantly influenced modern approaches to economic development by promoting the idea that true progress involves enhancing individual freedoms and capabilities. Policymakers now consider factors beyond GDP growth, such as health, education, and social equity when formulating strategies. This shift has led to the implementation of programs focused on improving human capital and establishing social safety nets that support vulnerable populations, ultimately aiming for more inclusive development outcomes.
• Evaluate the implications of Sen's argument that democracy is crucial for economic development in relation to global governance structures.
  • Sen's assertion that democracy is crucial for economic development underscores the need for participatory governance in achieving sustainable development goals. In evaluating this argument, it becomes clear that democratic institutions empower individuals to voice their needs and hold leaders accountable. This framework challenges existing global governance structures that may prioritize authoritarian regimes or overlook grassroots participation. By advocating for democratic practices, Sen emphasizes that fostering freedom and inclusivity is essential not only for individual welfare but also for addressing global inequalities and fostering collective progress.

Related terms

Capabilities Approach: A theoretical framework developed by Amartya Sen that assesses individual well-being based on their capabilities to achieve valuable functionings and lead fulfilling lives.

Human Development Index (HDI):

A composite index used to measure a country's social and economic development, considering factors like life expectancy, education, and per capita income, heavily influenced by Sen's work.

Poverty as Capability Deprivation: Sen's view that poverty should be understood as a deprivation of basic capabilities rather than just a lack of income or resources.