Wickersham Commission

Definition

The Wickersham Commission was a landmark investigation into the American criminal justice system, officially known as the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, established in 1929. It aimed to address issues of law enforcement practices, particularly focusing on the consequences of Prohibition, and to recommend reforms for improving policing in the United States. The findings of the commission laid the groundwork for future reforms in modern policing strategies and practices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President Herbert Hoover and conducted its work from 1929 to 1931.
2. It concluded that Prohibition led to widespread corruption among law enforcement agencies, as many officers were easily bribed by organized crime groups.
3. The commission's findings emphasized the need for improved police training and greater accountability in law enforcement practices.
4. It published a series of reports that criticized the use of excessive force by police and highlighted the importance of civil rights in policing.
5. The Wickersham Commission's recommendations significantly influenced future reforms, including the establishment of more formalized police training programs across the country.

Review Questions

• What were some key findings of the Wickersham Commission regarding law enforcement during Prohibition?
  • The Wickersham Commission found that Prohibition resulted in significant corruption within law enforcement agencies. Many police officers were bribed by organized crime to ignore illegal activities related to alcohol distribution. This widespread corruption undermined public trust in law enforcement and highlighted a need for reform, which became a focus of the commission's recommendations.
• How did the Wickersham Commission influence the evolution of policing practices in America?
  • The Wickersham Commission played a pivotal role in shaping modern policing practices by advocating for reform based on its findings. It recommended improved training for police officers, increased accountability, and a focus on civil rights within law enforcement. These recommendations spurred significant changes in policing methodologies and helped develop more professional standards within police departments nationwide.
• Evaluate the long-term impact of the Wickersham Commission on contemporary law enforcement issues, particularly concerning community relations and accountability.
  • The long-term impact of the Wickersham Commission is evident in contemporary law enforcement practices that prioritize community relations and accountability. Its emphasis on ethical policing and training laid a foundation for modern concepts like community policing, which encourages collaboration between police and communities. Today, ongoing efforts to reform policing practices continue to reflect the commission's legacy as agencies strive to address issues of transparency, accountability, and public trust in law enforcement.

Related terms

Prohibition: A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933.

National Police Academy: An institution established to provide training and education for law enforcement officers, emphasizing professional standards and ethical conduct.

Community Policing: A policing strategy that focuses on building relationships and collaborating with community members to identify and solve problems related to crime and disorder.