Military coup

Definition

A military coup is the sudden overthrow of a government by a part of the military, often involving the use of force or coercion. This act typically disrupts the normal functioning of government and can lead to significant changes in political authority, sometimes resulting in the establishment of military rule or a dictatorship. Military coups highlight the complex relationship between civil authorities and the military, often reflecting underlying tensions in civil-military relations and the struggle for democratic control.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Military coups can occur with little warning and may be executed swiftly, leading to the immediate removal of existing political leaders.
2. These events often arise from perceived failures of civilian governments, such as corruption, economic crises, or social unrest, prompting military intervention as a supposed solution.
3. Coups can lead to significant consequences for civil liberties and human rights, as military regimes may impose martial law and suppress dissent.
4. International reactions to military coups vary widely; some nations may impose sanctions or condemn the actions, while others may recognize new military governments to maintain strategic interests.
5. Countries with weak democratic institutions or unstable political environments are more susceptible to military coups, as the military may be seen as a stabilizing force during times of crisis.

Review Questions

• How do military coups impact civil-military relations in a country?
  • Military coups significantly alter civil-military relations by shifting power from civilian authorities to military leaders. This transition often undermines democratic governance and can create a power dynamic where the military becomes the dominant force in politics. As a result, civilian oversight and accountability may diminish, leading to increased militarization of the state and challenges in restoring civilian rule once a coup has occurred.
• What factors contribute to the occurrence of military coups, particularly in relation to democratic control?
  • Several factors contribute to military coups, particularly when democratic control is weak. Economic instability, political corruption, social unrest, and ineffective governance can erode public trust in civilian leaders. When these conditions prevail, the military may position itself as a necessary stabilizing force. The lack of strong democratic institutions can create an environment where the military feels justified in intervening, often resulting in the dismantling of democratic processes.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of a military coup on a country's path towards democratization.
  • The long-term implications of a military coup on democratization can be profound and complex. While some countries may eventually transition back to civilian rule and democratic governance, many face enduring challenges such as entrenched authoritarianism, weakened political institutions, and public apathy towards political participation. The legacy of military rule can create distrust among citizens toward political processes, making it difficult for democracy to take root. Additionally, ongoing civil-military tensions can impede efforts toward meaningful reform and sustainable democratization.

Related terms

Civil-Military Relations: The interactions and balance of power between civilian government institutions and military organizations, which can significantly influence a country's governance and political stability.

Authoritarianism: A political system characterized by centralized power and limited political freedoms, often emerging after a military coup when military leaders impose strict control over society.

Democratization: The process through which a country transitions from an authoritarian regime to a more democratic system, often hindered by military coups that undermine civilian governance.