Law of independent assortment

Definition

The law of independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. This principle accounts for the genetic variation observed in organisms that reproduce sexually.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The law of independent assortment was first formulated by Gregor Mendel through his work with pea plants.
2. It applies to genes located on different chromosomes or those far apart on the same chromosome.
3. Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
4. This law explains why offspring can have combinations of traits that are not found in either parent.
5. Exceptions to this law occur when genes are linked, meaning they are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Review Questions

• Who first formulated the law of independent assortment?
• During which phase of meiosis does independent assortment occur?
• How does the law of independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?

Related terms

Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half and results in four genetically distinct daughter cells.

Linked Genes: Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.