Central vacuole

Definition

The central vacuole is a large, membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. It also helps maintain cell turgor pressure, which is essential for maintaining the plant's structure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The central vacuole occupies up to 90% of a mature plant cell's volume.
2. It contains cell sap, a solution rich in ions, sugars, amino acids, and other substances.
3. Maintains internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the plant cell.
4. Involved in the storage of important substances like proteins and metabolites.
5. Helps in the breakdown of complex molecules similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

Review Questions

• What percentage of a mature plant cell's volume can be occupied by the central vacuole?
• How does the central vacuole contribute to maintaining a plant’s structure?
• What types of substances are stored within the central vacuole?

Related terms

Cell Wall: A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells.

Chloroplast:

An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

Cytoplasm:

The jelly-like substance within a cell that holds organelles in place and allows for various cellular processes.