Bases

Definition

Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) or release hydroxide ions in solution. They typically have a pH greater than 7 and are considered the chemical opposites of acids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bases have a slippery feel and can turn red litmus paper blue.
2. Common examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).
3. In water, bases dissociate to form hydroxide ions (OH-), which increases the pH of the solution.
4. The strength of a base is determined by its ability to dissociate in water; strong bases dissociate completely while weak bases do not.
5. Bases play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as maintaining the pH balance in blood through bicarbonate buffering.

Review Questions

• What effect do bases have on litmus paper?
• Name two common examples of bases.
• How do strong bases differ from weak bases in terms of dissociation?

Related terms

pH:

A scale used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly basic).

Acid: Substances that donate hydrogen ions (protons) or accept electrons and typically have a pH less than 7.

Buffer: A solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added, often involving a weak acid and its conjugate base.