Wide area network (WAN)

Definition

A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area, connecting multiple local area networks (LANs) and end systems. WANs are essential for facilitating communication and data exchange across cities, countries, or even continents, often utilizing various transmission media such as leased lines, satellite links, and public internet connections to achieve this connectivity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. WANs typically connect multiple LANs, allowing organizations to operate across different locations while maintaining communication and data access.
2. They use various technologies such as MPLS, VPNs, and leased lines to create secure and reliable connections over long distances.
3. WANs can be public, using the internet for data transmission, or private, utilizing dedicated connections between sites.
4. Latency can be higher in WANs compared to LANs due to the longer distances data must travel and the different types of transmission technologies used.
5. The performance of WANs can vary based on factors like bandwidth availability, network congestion, and the specific protocols used for data transmission.

Review Questions

• How do WANs facilitate communication between geographically dispersed locations?
  • WANs enable communication between geographically dispersed locations by connecting multiple LANs through various transmission technologies. This connection allows users in different cities or countries to access shared resources, send data, and collaborate effectively. The integration of leased lines, satellite links, and internet connections ensures that even far-flung offices can communicate seamlessly.
• What are the advantages and challenges of using WANs in an organization?
  • The advantages of using WANs in an organization include improved collaboration across multiple locations, centralized data management, and cost savings by reducing the need for physical infrastructure. However, challenges such as higher latency compared to LANs, potential security vulnerabilities in public WANs, and the complexity of managing a widespread network can pose significant issues for IT departments.
• Evaluate the impact of emerging technologies on the evolution of WAN architectures.
  • Emerging technologies like SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) are transforming traditional WAN architectures by introducing greater flexibility and control over traffic management. These advancements allow organizations to dynamically route traffic based on real-time conditions and application requirements. As a result, businesses can enhance their network performance while reducing costs associated with traditional WAN infrastructure. Additionally, cloud computing has influenced WAN design by necessitating more efficient connectivity solutions to ensure optimal access to cloud services.

Related terms

Local Area Network (LAN): A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a single building or campus, allowing for high-speed communication and resource sharing.

Network Interface Card (NIC):

A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component that allows a device to connect to a network, enabling communication over wired or wireless connections.

Packet Switching:

Packet switching is a method of data transmission in which data is broken into packets and sent independently over the network, allowing for efficient use of the communication medium.