Teotihuacan

Definition

Teotihuacan was a significant pre-Columbian city located in the Basin of Mexico, known for its large pyramids, complex urban layout, and rich cultural influence. It served as a major economic and religious center from around 100 BC to 750 AD, shaping the cultural landscape of Mesoamerica through trade, architecture, and artistic expression.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Teotihuacan was one of the largest cities in the world at its peak, with a population estimated between 100,000 to 200,000 inhabitants.
2. The city is famous for its distinct architecture, including the Avenue of the Dead, which connects various important structures like the Pyramid of the Moon and the Temple of the Feathered Serpent.
3. Teotihuacan's economy was based on trade, agriculture, and craft production, making it a vital center for commerce in Mesoamerica.
4. The city's influence extended far beyond its borders, as it played a crucial role in spreading cultural practices and technologies across Mesoamerica.
5. Teotihuacan's decline around the 8th century is attributed to various factors including environmental changes, resource depletion, and possible internal conflict.

Review Questions

• What were some key architectural features of Teotihuacan that reflect its significance as a major Mesoamerican city?
  • Teotihuacan is renowned for its impressive architectural achievements, particularly the Pyramid of the Sun and Pyramid of the Moon. The layout of the city includes a central thoroughfare known as the Avenue of the Dead, lined with temples and palaces that showcase a high level of urban planning. These structures not only served religious purposes but also reflected the city's role as a cultural and economic hub in Mesoamerica.
• How did trade contribute to the economic success of Teotihuacan and its influence in Mesoamerica?
  • Trade was essential to Teotihuacan's economy, allowing it to flourish as a major commercial center. The city was strategically located near various resources such as obsidian, which was highly valued for tool-making. Additionally, Teotihuacan engaged in long-distance trade networks that connected it with other Mesoamerican cultures, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices. This extensive trade network helped solidify its influence across the region.
• Evaluate the reasons behind the decline of Teotihuacan and discuss how this decline affected subsequent Mesoamerican civilizations.
  • The decline of Teotihuacan around the 8th century can be attributed to several interrelated factors such as environmental degradation due to overpopulation and resource depletion, as well as possible internal strife or invasions. This decline led to significant shifts in power dynamics within Mesoamerica. Subsequent civilizations like the Toltecs and Aztecs were influenced by Teotihuacan’s legacy in architecture, religion, and trade practices. The fall of this once-great city opened opportunities for emerging cultures to rise while also contributing to a more fragmented political landscape.

Related terms

Pyramid of the Sun: The largest structure in Teotihuacan, this massive pyramid is one of the largest in Mesoamerica and served as a focal point for religious and ceremonial activities.

Mesoamerican Urbanism: The study of the urban planning and development in ancient Mesoamerican cities, characterized by complex layouts, ceremonial centers, and social stratification.

Quetzalcoatl:

A prominent deity in Mesoamerican cultures often associated with wind, air, and learning; Quetzalcoatl was significant in the religious practices of Teotihuacan.