Lysosomes

Definition

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris. They play a key role in the digestion and recycling of macromolecules within eukaryotic cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can degrade proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
2. They maintain an acidic environment optimal for enzyme activity through proton pumps in their membranes.
3. Lysosomes are often referred to as the 'cell's recycling center' due to their role in breaking down cellular waste.
4. Autophagy, the process of degrading and recycling cellular components, is facilitated by lysosomes.
5. Inherited lysosomal storage diseases result from defects in lysosomal enzymes.

Review Questions

• What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain, and what is their primary function?
• How do lysosomes maintain the acidic environment necessary for enzyme activity?
• Explain the role of lysosomes in autophagy.

Related terms

Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus: An organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Peroxisomes: Organelles that contain enzymes for oxidative reactions, breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.