Eukaryotes

Definition

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus enclosed within membranes. They also possess other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
2. The DNA in eukaryotic cells is linear and housed within the nucleus.
3. Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis and meiosis for cell division.
4. They have complex cellular structures with specialized functions, like the Golgi apparatus for protein processing.
5. Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic ancestors around 2 billion years ago.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
• Name at least three types of organisms that are classified as eukaryotes.
• What are some key membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells?

Related terms

Prokaryotes: Single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.

Nucleus: A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material.

Mitochondria: Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration.