Essential nutrients

Definition

Essential nutrients are compounds that the body cannot synthesize on its own or in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet. These include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids necessary for proper health and functioning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are six classes of essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
2. Essential amino acids must be obtained from protein-rich foods because the body cannot produce them.
3. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fats that play crucial roles in brain function and cell growth.
4. Vitamins such as Vitamin C and B-complex are water-soluble while Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.
5. Minerals like calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium are vital for processes such as bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve function, and red blood cell production.

Review Questions

• Why is it necessary to obtain essential nutrients from the diet?
• What are the differences between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?
• Name two essential fatty acids and explain their importance.

Related terms

Macronutrients: Nutrients required in larger amounts that provide the energy necessary to maintain bodily functions—includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients: Nutrients required in smaller amounts that are vital for disease prevention and well-being—includes vitamins and minerals.

Metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms that convert food into energy to run cellular processes.