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The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall. It provides a protective layer and is also known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
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Myocardium: The middle muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for contracting and pumping blood.
Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart wall that lines the chambers and valves, providing a smooth surface for blood flow.
Pericardium: A double-walled sac containing the heart and roots of great vessels, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous membrane.