DNA barcoding

Definition

DNA barcoding is a technique for identifying species using a short genetic sequence from a standardized region of the genome. It is often used to catalog biodiversity and monitor ecosystems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. DNA barcoding utilizes a specific region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene for animals.
2. It can help in identifying cryptic species that are morphologically similar but genetically distinct.
3. DNA barcoding aids in monitoring illegal wildlife trade by accurately identifying species from small tissue samples.
4. This method is instrumental in assessing ecosystem health by providing data on species presence and abundance.
5. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is a key database used to store DNA barcode records.

Review Questions

• What gene region is typically used for animal DNA barcoding?
• How can DNA barcoding assist in combating illegal wildlife trade?
• Why is DNA barcoding important for monitoring ecosystem health?

Related terms

Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Cryptic Species: Species that are morphologically similar but genetically distinct, making them difficult to differentiate without molecular tools.

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD): A database designed to support the acquisition, storage, analysis, and publication of DNA barcode records.