Cardiomyocytes

Definition

Cardiomyocytes are the muscle cells that make up the cardiac muscle tissue responsible for heart contractions. They have unique features like intercalated discs and a high density of mitochondria to support continuous and rhythmic contractions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cardiomyocytes are striated muscle cells similar to skeletal muscle cells but with unique properties tailored for heart function.
2. Intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes contain gap junctions and desmosomes, which facilitate synchronized contraction and structural integrity.
3. These cells have an abundance of mitochondria to meet their high energy demands for constant heart activity.
4. Cardiomyocytes can generate action potentials autonomously, contributing to the heart's ability to beat independently of nervous system input.
5. They undergo limited regeneration, which is why heart damage such as myocardial infarction can lead to long-lasting consequences.

Review Questions

• What structures within cardiomyocytes facilitate synchronized contractions?
• Why do cardiomyocytes contain a high density of mitochondria?
• How do cardiomyocytes differ from skeletal muscle cells in terms of functionality?

Related terms

Myocardium: The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed mainly of cardiomyocytes responsible for pumping blood.

Intercalated Discs: Specialized connections between cardiomyocytes that include gap junctions and desmosomes, crucial for coordinated contraction.

Action Potential: A rapid rise and fall in electrical membrane potential that propagates along the cell membrane, essential for triggering muscle contraction.