December 15, 1862

Definition

December 15, 1862, marks the date following the Battle of Fredericksburg, a significant engagement in the American Civil War where Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside faced defeat against Confederate troops led by General Robert E. Lee. The battle showcased the strength of the Confederate Army and highlighted the challenges faced by Union forces in their efforts to advance through Virginia, deepening the divide between the North and South.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Fredericksburg occurred on December 13, 1862, but the aftermath and strategic implications continued to resonate on December 15.
2. The Union suffered significant casualties during the battle, with more than 12,000 soldiers killed or wounded compared to about 5,000 for the Confederates.
3. The defeat at Fredericksburg was one of several setbacks for Union forces early in the Civil War, leading to increased scrutiny of their leadership and strategy.
4. December 15 is also notable as it marked a period of disillusionment among Union troops and their supporters regarding the war's progress.
5. Following this battle, Burnside faced immense pressure and criticism, eventually leading to his removal from command shortly thereafter.

Review Questions

• What were the key factors that led to the Union's defeat at Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862, and how did this impact their strategy moving forward?
  • The Union's defeat at Fredericksburg was primarily due to poor planning and execution by General Burnside, who underestimated Lee's defensive capabilities. The terrain favored the Confederates, allowing them to position themselves advantageously on Marye's Heights. This loss had a profound impact on Union strategy as it prompted discussions about leadership changes and raised questions about the effectiveness of their military approach in future engagements.
• Analyze how the outcome of the Battle of Fredericksburg influenced public perception of the war in both the North and South after December 15, 1862.
  • The outcome of Fredericksburg heavily influenced public perception in both regions. In the North, the significant Union defeat led to frustration and disappointment among citizens who had anticipated a swift victory. This sentiment contributed to growing anti-war sentiment and criticism of military leadership. In contrast, for the South, Fredericksburg was celebrated as a major victory that bolstered morale and support for their cause, solidifying Lee's reputation as a skilled commander.
• Evaluate how the events surrounding December 15, 1862, including leadership decisions and battlefield tactics, set the stage for future battles in the Civil War.
  • The events surrounding December 15, 1862, including Burnside's tactical errors and Lee's effective use of defensive positions, emphasized crucial lessons regarding leadership and military strategy. These lessons became evident in subsequent battles such as Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. The poor performance at Fredericksburg prompted Union leaders to reassess their approaches and ultimately seek new commanders like George Meade, which would significantly alter their tactics as they aimed for victory in later confrontations.

Related terms

Ambrose Burnside: The Union general who led the Army of the Potomac during the Battle of Fredericksburg and was criticized for his tactical decisions during the engagement.

Robert E. Lee:

The commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia who achieved a significant victory at Fredericksburg.

Army of the Potomac:

The principal Union army in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War, which fought against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.