Pascal’s principle

Definition

Pascal's principle states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container. This principle is fundamental in understanding hydraulic systems and their applications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pascal's principle can be mathematically expressed as $\Delta P_1 = \Delta P_2$, where $\Delta P$ represents the change in pressure.
2. It forms the basis for hydraulic lifts and presses, which allow small forces to lift heavy loads.
3. In calculus, Pascal's principle can be used to solve problems involving fluid pressure and force distribution over areas.
4. Applications often involve integrating pressure over a surface area to find total force exerted by or on a fluid.
5. Understanding this principle involves knowledge of differential equations and integration techniques.

Review Questions

• How does Pascal's principle explain the functioning of a hydraulic lift?
• Write the mathematical expression of Pascal's principle and explain its components.
• How would you use integration to determine the total force on a submerged object using Pascal’s principle?

Related terms

Hydraulic System: A system that uses fluids under pressure to generate mechanical advantages, often utilizing Pascal's principle.

$\Delta P$ (Pressure Change): The difference in pressure between two points within a fluid, crucial in understanding how forces are transmitted through fluids.

$F = PA$ (Force-Pressure-Area Relationship): $F = PA$ describes how force ($F$) is related to pressure ($P$) and area ($A$), often used alongside Pascal’s principle in calculations.