Initial-value problem

Definition

An initial-value problem is a differential equation accompanied by specified values of the unknown function at a given point, called the initial conditions. Solving it involves finding a function that satisfies both the differential equation and the initial conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. An initial-value problem typically takes the form $\frac{dy}{dx} = f(x, y)$ with $y(x_0) = y_0$.
2. The solution to an initial-value problem is unique if certain conditions (like those in the Picard-Lindelöf theorem) are met.
3. Solving an initial-value problem often requires finding an antiderivative or integrating factor.
4. Initial conditions allow you to find specific solutions from general solutions of differential equations.
5. Techniques such as separation of variables or using integrating factors are commonly applied to solve these problems.

Review Questions

• What form does an initial-value problem usually take?
• Why are initial conditions important when solving differential equations?
• What methods can be used to solve an initial-value problem?

Related terms

Differential Equation: An equation involving derivatives of a function or functions.

Antiderivative: A function whose derivative is the original function; also known as an indefinite integral.

Separation of Variables: \text{A method for solving differential equations by algebraically separating independent and dependent variables on opposite sides of the equation.}