The Second Coming

Definition

The Second Coming refers to the anticipated return of Christ to Earth, which symbolizes the end of times and a new beginning in Christian eschatology. This concept is often linked with themes of chaos, rebirth, and the cyclical nature of history, where old orders crumble and new realities emerge, making it a rich subject for interpretation in literature, especially within Irish mythology and symbolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. W.B. Yeats's poem 'The Second Coming' depicts a world spiraling into chaos, reflecting the historical context of post-World War I disillusionment.
2. In Yeats's vision, the 'rough beast' symbolizes a new era that is both terrifying and powerful, suggesting a transformation that challenges established norms.
3. The imagery in 'The Second Coming' connects to Irish mythology, particularly the idea of cyclical time and rebirth that can be found in ancient Celtic stories.
4. Yeats believed that history is cyclical; he argued that each age gives way to a new age in a recurring pattern of rise and fall.
5. 'The Second Coming' also taps into universal themes of destruction and renewal, resonating with various religious traditions beyond Christianity.

Review Questions

• How does Yeats use symbolism in 'The Second Coming' to reflect on the state of the world during his time?
  • 'The Second Coming' utilizes potent symbols, such as the 'widening gyre' and the 'rough beast,' to illustrate a world in chaos following World War I. The 'gyre' represents the cyclical nature of history that is spiraling out of control, while the 'rough beast' embodies the ominous forces that threaten to replace established order. This reflects Yeats's concern over societal disintegration and his belief that a new era was dawning, one that would not necessarily be benevolent.
• Discuss the connection between Yeats's portrayal of the Second Coming and elements of Irish mythology.
  • 'The Second Coming' intertwines with themes from Irish mythology, particularly its cyclical conception of time. Yeats draws on these mythological concepts to suggest that humanity experiences recurring cycles of destruction and renewal. By integrating these ideas into his poem, he emphasizes that this moment of chaos is not just an end but also a potential new beginning, rooted in ancient beliefs about transformation in Irish culture.
• Evaluate how 'The Second Coming' reflects Yeats's broader philosophical views on history and its cycles.
  • 'The Second Coming' serves as a critical lens through which to evaluate Yeats's broader philosophical perspectives on history. He perceives history as a continuous cycle where each era inevitably leads to its own downfall and the emergence of something new. This view is illustrated by the chaotic imagery in the poem and aligns with his belief in historical inevitability—suggesting that humanity must confront darkness before it can attain enlightenment or renewal. Yeats's work encapsulates his conviction that understanding these cycles is essential for navigating human existence.

Related terms

Apocalypse: A genre of literature that reveals prophetic visions and predictions about the end of the world, often involving a divine judgement and the ultimate victory of good over evil.

Yeatsian Symbolism: The use of symbols and imagery in the poetry of W.B. Yeats, where objects or actions represent broader themes such as love, nature, and the struggle for identity.

Celtic Mythology: The body of myths and legends originating from the ancient Celtic cultures, often involving gods, supernatural beings, and themes of transformation and fate.