Anorexia nervosa

Definition

Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to self-imposed starvation and excessive weight loss. This condition often reflects deeper psychological issues, such as anxiety or depression, and can have severe physical consequences, affecting various bodily systems and overall health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anorexia nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric disorders, with severe consequences including heart problems, electrolyte imbalances, and potential organ failure.
2. The onset of anorexia nervosa typically occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, but it can affect individuals at any age.
3. Common symptoms include extreme weight loss, preoccupation with food and dieting, withdrawal from social activities, and excessive exercise.
4. Genetic, environmental, and sociocultural factors can all contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa, making it a complex disorder to treat.
5. Treatment often involves a combination of medical intervention, nutritional counseling, and psychological therapy to address both the physical and emotional aspects of the disorder.

Review Questions

• How does anorexia nervosa manifest in an individual's behavior and lifestyle?
  • Anorexia nervosa manifests through behaviors such as extreme dieting, avoidance of social meals, excessive exercise, and a fixation on body weight. Individuals may engage in ritualistic eating patterns or deny hunger cues while displaying significant distress over perceived weight gain. These behaviors often lead to severe malnutrition and impact overall health.
• Discuss the psychological factors that may contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa.
  • Psychological factors that contribute to anorexia nervosa include low self-esteem, perfectionism, and anxiety disorders. Many individuals with this disorder struggle with body image issues and may use food restriction as a way to exert control over their lives. Understanding these psychological components is crucial for effective treatment, as addressing underlying mental health issues can lead to better outcomes.
• Evaluate the implications of anorexia nervosa on long-term health outcomes and quality of life.
  • Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe long-term health consequences including osteoporosis, cardiovascular problems, and infertility due to hormonal imbalances. The social isolation often experienced by individuals with this disorder can further impact their mental health and quality of life. Effective treatment is essential not only for physical recovery but also for restoring social connections and improving overall well-being.

Related terms

bulimia nervosa: An eating disorder marked by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise.

body dysmorphic disorder: A mental health condition where a person is preoccupied with perceived flaws in their appearance, often leading to significant distress and impairment.

malnutrition: A condition resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients, which can lead to various health issues and is often associated with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.