Doryphoros

Definition

Doryphoros, also known as the 'Spear Bearer,' is a renowned ancient Greek sculpture created by Polykleitos around 440 BCE, exemplifying the ideal male form and demonstrating the principles of contrapposto and proportion. This statue symbolizes the classical ideals of beauty and physical perfection, showcasing a balanced pose that captures both strength and grace.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Doryphoros is considered a quintessential example of classical Greek sculpture, demonstrating Polykleitos's approach to proportion and harmony in the human figure.
2. Polykleitos wrote a treatise called 'Kanon' that outlined his mathematical ratios for achieving ideal proportions in sculpture, which the Doryphoros embodies.
3. The statue stands in a relaxed posture, with one leg bearing weight while the other is slightly bent, illustrating the concept of contrapposto.
4. The Doryphoros influenced generations of artists and sculptors throughout history, becoming a reference point for the depiction of the human figure in Western art.
5. The original bronze version of the Doryphoros has not survived, but numerous Roman copies in marble exist, preserving its legacy and influence.

Review Questions

• How does the Doryphoros exemplify the principles of contrapposto in classical sculpture?
  • The Doryphoros exemplifies contrapposto through its naturalistic stance where weight is shifted onto one leg, creating a sense of movement and balance. This pose allows for a more relaxed appearance compared to earlier rigid sculptures, emphasizing the body's potential for dynamism. The careful arrangement of limbs and torso creates an organic flow, making the figure more relatable and lifelike.
• Discuss how Polykleitos's Canon influenced the creation of the Doryphoros and its representation of ideal beauty.
  • Polykleitos's Canon laid out a set of mathematical ratios that defined ideal human proportions, which he applied in creating the Doryphoros. This statue not only showcases these ratios but also encapsulates Greek ideals of beauty, symmetry, and harmony. By adhering to these principles, Polykleitos established a standard for future artists to aspire to when depicting the human form.
• Evaluate the impact of the Doryphoros on subsequent art movements and its significance in art history.
  • The Doryphoros had a profound impact on later art movements by setting a benchmark for anatomical precision and aesthetic beauty. Its influence can be seen in Renaissance art where artists sought to emulate classical ideals through realism and proportion. The ongoing reverence for this sculpture highlights its enduring significance in art history as a symbol of perfection in form and composition, shaping artistic standards for centuries.

Related terms

Contrapposto: A sculptural technique where the weight of the body is distributed unevenly on the legs, creating a dynamic and relaxed pose.

Polykleitos: An ancient Greek sculptor known for his pioneering work in idealized proportions and the development of the canon of proportions in sculpture.

Kritios Boy: An early example of a statue exhibiting contrapposto, representing a transition from rigid poses to more naturalistic forms in ancient Greek sculpture.