Doric Column

Definition

The Doric column is one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its sturdy and simple design. It typically features a fluted shaft, a plain capital, and no base, giving it a robust and unadorned appearance. The Doric order is often associated with strength and masculinity, making it a popular choice for temples and public buildings in ancient Greece.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Doric columns were predominantly used in mainland Greece and were favored for their simplicity and strength, especially in temples like the Parthenon.
2. The height of a Doric column is typically four to eight times its diameter, contributing to its imposing presence.
3. Unlike other column styles, Doric columns lack a base; instead, they rest directly on the stylobate, which is the upper step of the temple platform.
4. The capital of a Doric column is very simple, often just a rounded section called an echinus topped by a square slab called an abacus.
5. Doric columns were often painted or decorated in various ways in ancient Greece, although most have weathered down to their bare stone over time.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the Doric column reflect the values of ancient Greek society?
  • The design of the Doric column embodies values such as strength, simplicity, and functionality that were central to ancient Greek society. Its sturdy and unadorned structure symbolizes the masculine ideals prevalent in Greek culture, emphasizing power and resilience. This architectural choice reflects how the Greeks sought to convey their societal values through their buildings, particularly in temples dedicated to their gods.
• Compare and contrast the Doric column with the Ionic column in terms of design elements and cultural significance.
  • The Doric and Ionic columns differ significantly in design elements and cultural significance. While the Doric column is characterized by its stoutness and simplicity, representing strength, the Ionic column features a more slender profile with decorative volutes that suggest elegance and refinement. Culturally, the Doric order was often associated with mainland Greece and used for temples dedicated to male gods, while the Ionic order was prevalent in regions like Ionia and often used for structures that represented feminine qualities or served as symbols of democracy.
• Evaluate the impact of Doric columns on later architectural styles and their enduring legacy in modern architecture.
  • Doric columns have had a profound impact on later architectural styles, influencing both neoclassical and modern designs. Their emphasis on proportion, symmetry, and sturdiness has made them a model for buildings seeking to evoke strength and permanence. In modern architecture, Doric elements can be seen in government buildings, museums, and monuments, serving as a reminder of the enduring legacy of ancient Greek principles in contemporary design. This connection underscores how historical styles can continue to inspire and shape architectural practice today.

Related terms

Ionic Column: The Ionic column is a classical order recognized for its more slender and elegant appearance, featuring volutes or scroll-like ornaments on its capital.

Corinthian Column: The Corinthian column is the most ornate of the classical orders, distinguished by its elaborate capital adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls.

Entasis: Entasis refers to the slight curvature of a column's shaft, which was used in ancient Greek architecture to counteract the optical illusion of concavity that straight columns can create.