Peripteral

Definition

Peripteral refers to a specific architectural style of temples in ancient Greece, characterized by a colonnade surrounding the entire structure. This design provides a sense of symmetry and harmony, reflecting the Greek ideals of beauty and balance. The peripteral layout was often used in the construction of major temples dedicated to gods, showcasing the importance of both aesthetics and functionality in temple architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The peripteral design became popular during the Classical period, particularly between 500 and 300 B.C.
2. A classic example of a peripteral temple is the Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens, which features a Doric colonnade surrounding its structure.
3. The use of a peripteral colonnade not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal but also provided structural stability to the temple.
4. Peripteral temples typically follow a rectangular layout, allowing for efficient use of space while accommodating large congregations during religious ceremonies.
5. This architectural style reflects the Greek emphasis on proportion and order, aligning with their philosophical ideals about harmony in both art and nature.

Review Questions

• How does the peripteral design enhance the overall aesthetic appeal and functionality of Greek temples?
  • The peripteral design enhances aesthetic appeal through its symmetrical layout and harmonious proportions, creating an impressive visual impact that reflects Greek ideals of beauty. Functionally, the surrounding colonnade provides structural support while allowing for greater accessibility and movement around the temple. This combination of beauty and practicality made peripteral temples effective for religious rituals and community gatherings.
• Compare and contrast peripteral temples with other temple designs in ancient Greece, highlighting their distinct features.
  • Peripteral temples differ from other designs like pseudoperipteral temples, which have engaged columns instead of free-standing ones. While both types serve similar functions, peripteral structures fully embrace open colonnades for aesthetic effect and accessibility. In contrast, monopteros temples consist of circular colonnades without walls or a cella. This comparison illustrates the varying architectural approaches to temple design in ancient Greece.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of the peripteral design in relation to Greek religion and society during the Classical period.
  • The peripteral design holds cultural significance as it reflects the deep connection between architecture, religion, and social life in Classical Greece. Temples served as not just places of worship but also as communal spaces where citizens gathered for festivals and ceremonies. The grandeur and symmetry of peripteral temples symbolized devotion to the gods and showcased civic pride, reinforcing societal values centered around harmony, order, and beauty during this influential period.

Related terms

Doric Order:

One of the three classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, known for its simple, sturdy columns and lack of ornate decoration.

Entablature:

The horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Cella: The inner chamber of a temple where the cult statue of the deity was housed, often located at the center of peripteral temples.