Longship

Definition

A longship is a type of ship used by the Vikings, characterized by its narrow, elongated shape, shallow draft, and a symmetrical bow and stern, allowing for swift navigation in both open seas and shallow rivers. These vessels were integral to various aspects of Viking life, including colonization efforts, trade, and military conquests.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Longships could reach speeds of up to 15 knots (about 17 mph) when under sail or rowing, making them exceptionally fast for their time.
2. They were built using overlapping planks (clinker construction), which made them strong yet lightweight, ideal for both oceanic voyages and river navigation.
3. Longships could be carried over land or dragged across beaches due to their shallow draft, allowing Vikings to launch surprise attacks from unexpected locations.
4. The design of longships allowed for a large crew capacity, with some ships accommodating up to 60 warriors during raids.
5. Longships were often used in long-distance travel to establish trade routes, colonize new lands, and explore territories as far as North America.

Review Questions

• How did the design features of longships contribute to Viking colonization efforts?
  • The design features of longships, such as their shallow draft and symmetrical hulls, allowed Vikings to navigate both open seas and shallow rivers with ease. This versatility enabled them to access remote areas for colonization and settle in places like Iceland and Greenland. The speed of these vessels also facilitated swift travel and communication between settlements, further supporting their expansion.
• Evaluate the role of longships in Viking maritime trade routes during the Viking Age.
  • Longships played a crucial role in establishing and maintaining maritime trade routes during the Viking Age. Their design allowed them to sail across oceans and navigate rivers, connecting various trading hubs in Europe. The ability to transport goods quickly and efficiently made them essential for the exchange of commodities like furs, amber, spices, and slaves, enhancing Viking wealth and influence.
• Discuss how the use of longships influenced Viking battle tactics and military leadership in naval warfare.
  • The use of longships significantly influenced Viking battle tactics by providing mobility and speed during naval engagements. Their ability to launch surprise attacks from unexpected locations allowed Viking leaders to utilize innovative strategies that outmaneuvered larger enemy ships. This agility was crucial for military leadership as it required quick decision-making and adaptability in combat situations, ultimately leading to many successful raids and conquests.

Related terms

Drakkar: A specific type of longship adorned with dragon or serpent figureheads, primarily used for warfare and raiding.

Viking Age:

The period from the late 8th to early 11th century marked by extensive Viking exploration, trade, and settlement across Europe and beyond.

Oars: The primary means of propulsion for longships, allowing for maneuverability and speed in various water conditions.