Spoils System: The spoils system refers to the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, contracts, or other favors. It often led to corruption and unqualified individuals being appointed based on political connections rather than merit.
Merit-based System: A merit-based system is one where individuals are selected or rewarded based on their qualifications, skills, or achievements rather than personal connections or political affiliations.
Competitive Examinations: Competitive examinations are tests or assessments designed to evaluate candidates' knowledge, abilities, or skills in comparison with others seeking the same position or opportunity. They are used as a fair method of selection in various fields including education and employment.