Late seventeenth century

Definition

The late seventeenth century refers to the period from approximately 1675 to 1700, marked by significant social, political, and economic developments in Europe and its colonies. This era is characterized by the rise of colonial powers, increased transatlantic trade, and the establishment of distinct colonial identities, which set the stage for future conflicts and transformations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The late seventeenth century saw the consolidation of power among European monarchies, with countries like France and England asserting greater control over their colonies.
2. This period experienced an increase in slave trade as plantation economies in the Americas demanded labor, leading to significant demographic shifts and cultural exchanges.
3. The late seventeenth century also marked the rise of Enlightenment ideas, influencing colonial thought and leading to debates about governance and rights.
4. Conflicts like King Philip's War (1675-1676) in New England highlighted tensions between Native Americans and colonists, shaping colonial policies towards indigenous peoples.
5. The development of a distinct colonial identity began to emerge, with growing sentiment for self-governance among colonists leading to future revolutionary thoughts.

Review Questions

• How did mercantilism influence European colonial policies during the late seventeenth century?
  • Mercantilism played a crucial role in shaping European colonial policies during the late seventeenth century by encouraging nations to accumulate wealth through trade. European powers sought to establish colonies that would provide raw materials for their industries while serving as markets for finished goods. This economic framework led to competition among European nations for control over trade routes and colonies, fundamentally altering their relationships with each other and with indigenous populations.
• What social dynamics were highlighted by events such as the Salem Witch Trials during the late seventeenth century?
  • The Salem Witch Trials exemplified the intense social dynamics of fear, superstition, and religious fervor prevalent in colonial New England during the late seventeenth century. The trials revealed underlying tensions within communities, including class struggles, gender roles, and conflicts between religious beliefs and rationality. As accusations spiraled out of control, they illustrated how societal pressures could lead to hysteria and injustice, marking a significant moment in early American history.
• Evaluate how the developments of the late seventeenth century set the stage for future conflicts in American colonies.
  • The late seventeenth century laid essential groundwork for future conflicts in American colonies through various social, economic, and political changes. The rise of distinct colonial identities fostered desires for self-governance as colonists grew increasingly frustrated with European oversight. Additionally, escalating tensions between settlers and Native Americans, highlighted by conflicts like King Philip's War, would lead to further hostilities. Economic pressures from mercantilist policies also contributed to a growing resentment towards British rule that ultimately culminated in revolutionary movements in the following century.

Related terms

Mercantilism:

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade, particularly through a favorable balance of exports over imports, which was a driving force for European powers during this period.

Salem Witch Trials:

A series of hearings and prosecutions that took place in 1692 in colonial Massachusetts, reflecting the social tensions and religious fervor present in New England during the late seventeenth century.

Navigation Acts:

A series of laws enacted by the British Parliament in the mid-seventeenth century aimed at regulating colonial trade and ensuring that it benefited England economically.