Industrial Revolution: The period of major industrialization that occurred in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, marked by technological advancements and the shift from agrarian societies to manufacturing-based economies.
Gilded Age: A term coined by Mark Twain to describe the late nineteenth century in America, characterized by significant economic growth but also deep social inequality.
Immigration: The process of individuals relocating from one country to another with the intention of settling permanently. In late nineteenth-century America, there was a significant influx of immigrants, particularly from Europe.