Benjamin Harrison

Definition

Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States, serving from 1889 to 1893. His presidency is often associated with the Gilded Age, a time characterized by rapid economic growth, political corruption, and social unrest. Harrison's administration focused on several important issues, including tariff reform, civil service reform, and the expansion of the U.S. Navy, reflecting the complex political dynamics of the era.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Harrison was the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms, having lost his bid for reelection in 1892 after defeating incumbent Grover Cleveland in 1888.
2. His administration saw the passing of the Sherman Antitrust Act, a key piece of legislation aimed at limiting monopolistic practices in business.
3. Harrison advocated for an increase in tariffs to protect American industries, which led to the controversial McKinley Tariff of 1890.
4. He was a strong proponent of civil service reform, seeking to reduce corruption by implementing merit-based appointments in government jobs.
5. Harrison's presidency also focused on foreign policy, particularly in strengthening the U.S. Navy and promoting American interests abroad during a period of imperialism.

Review Questions

• What were some key policies implemented during Benjamin Harrison's presidency, and how did they reflect the political climate of the Gilded Age?
  • During Benjamin Harrison's presidency, key policies included tariff reform and civil service reform. His push for high tariffs through the McKinley Tariff aimed to protect American industries amidst rapid economic growth, while his advocacy for civil service reform sought to combat political corruption prevalent during the Gilded Age. These policies reflected a response to both economic challenges and calls for greater government accountability.
• Discuss the significance of the Sherman Antitrust Act passed during Harrison's administration and its impact on business practices in America.
  • The Sherman Antitrust Act was significant because it marked the federal government's first major attempt to regulate monopolies and promote competition in American business. Passed in 1890, this legislation aimed to prevent unfair business practices that restricted trade and competition. While it faced challenges in enforcement initially, it laid the groundwork for future antitrust actions and reflected growing concerns over corporate power during the Gilded Age.
• Evaluate how Benjamin Harrison's foreign policy initiatives contributed to shaping America's role on the global stage during his presidency.
  • Benjamin Harrison's foreign policy initiatives were crucial in establishing America's role as an emerging global power. His administration focused on expanding the U.S. Navy, reflecting a shift towards militarism and imperialism during this period. By promoting American interests abroad, especially in Latin America and Asia, Harrison set a precedent for future U.S. involvement in international affairs and illustrated the broader trends of expansionism that defined the late 19th century.

Related terms

McKinley Tariff: A significant tariff enacted in 1890 that raised duties on imported goods to protect American industries, which was a cornerstone of Harrison's economic policy.

Sherman Antitrust Act:

The first federal legislation aimed at curbing monopolies and promoting competition, passed during Harrison's presidency in 1890.

Populism:

A political movement that emerged in the late 19th century, advocating for the rights and power of the 'common people' against the elite, which gained traction during Harrison's term.