Checks and balances: This term refers to the system in which each branch of government (executive, legislative, judicial) has powers that can limit or check the powers of the other branches.
Popular sovereignty: Popular sovereignty means that political power comes from the consent of the governed. In other words, it's like saying "the people have spoken" when decisions are made.
Individual rights: Individual rights are basic liberties and freedoms granted to every citizen. These include rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.