The Second Agricultural Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural development and innovation that began in the 17th century and continued into the 19th century, leading up to the Industrial Revolution. It was characterized by advancements in farming techniques, crop rotation, and the introduction of new machinery, which collectively increased food production and supported a growing population. This transformation played a crucial role in the transition towards industrialization, as it improved agricultural efficiency and reduced the labor needed on farms.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
The Second Agricultural Revolution saw innovations like the seed drill invented by Jethro Tull, which allowed for more efficient planting of seeds.
Advancements in livestock breeding, such as selective breeding, led to larger and healthier animals, contributing to increased meat and dairy production.
The shift from subsistence farming to commercial farming enabled farmers to produce surplus crops for sale in urban markets.
The rise of agricultural societies and journals helped disseminate new techniques and ideas among farmers, facilitating knowledge sharing.
Improvements in transportation, like canals and railways, allowed for easier distribution of agricultural products, linking rural producers to urban consumers.
Review Questions
How did innovations during the Second Agricultural Revolution contribute to changes in farming practices?
Innovations such as the seed drill and advancements in crop rotation transformed farming practices by increasing efficiency and yields. The introduction of selective breeding improved livestock quality, while mechanization allowed for larger-scale production. These changes enabled farmers to produce more food with less labor, which was essential for supporting a growing population and setting the stage for industrialization.
In what ways did the Enclosure Movement impact rural communities during the Second Agricultural Revolution?
The Enclosure Movement privatized common lands, which led to increased agricultural productivity but also displaced many rural workers who depended on these lands for their livelihood. As land became concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy landowners, smaller farmers struggled to compete or lost their means of subsistence. This shift contributed to urban migration as displaced individuals sought work in growing cities during the early stages of industrialization.
Evaluate the long-term effects of the Second Agricultural Revolution on society and economy as it relates to the onset of industrialization.
The Second Agricultural Revolution had profound long-term effects that significantly contributed to the onset of industrialization. By improving agricultural productivity through innovation and mechanization, it created surpluses that supported larger urban populations. Additionally, with fewer people needed in agriculture, labor was available for factories, which fueled industrial growth. The changes in agricultural practices also encouraged advancements in transportation and trade networks, solidifying the connection between rural production and urban consumption, which was vital for economic development during this transformative period.
A farming practice involving alternating the types of crops grown in a particular field from season to season to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and weed problems.
The process during the 18th century in England where common land was privatized, leading to increased agricultural productivity but also displacing many rural workers.
The use of machinery in agriculture, which greatly enhanced productivity and efficiency, enabling farmers to cultivate larger areas with less manual labor.