Progressive movement: A social and political reform movement in the United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century that aimed at addressing societal problems caused by industrialization.
Modernization: The process of adopting new technologies, systems, institutions, and attitudes with the goal of transforming society into a more advanced state.
Welfare state: A system where governments provide social programs such as healthcare, education, housing, and unemployment benefits to ensure citizens' well-being.