Treaty Ports: Treaty ports were specific coastal cities in China that were opened to foreign trade and influence as a result of unequal treaties imposed on China by Western powers during the Qing dynasty. They played a significant role in China's economic and political interactions with the outside world.
Opium Wars: The Opium Wars were two conflicts between China and Britain that occurred in the mid-19th century. These wars resulted from British attempts to increase their opium trade with China, leading to Chinese resistance against foreign interference and ultimately weakening the Qing dynasty.
Tributary System: The tributary system was a diplomatic practice used by the Qing dynasty to manage relations with neighboring states. It involved these states acknowledging Chinese superiority, paying tribute, and receiving certain privileges in return, contributing to both peaceful coexistence and imperial control.