Calvinism

Definition

Calvinism is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing the sovereignty of God, the doctrine of predestination, and the necessity of grace through faith. This belief system became influential in shaping religious practices and social structures in various land-based empires during the Reformation period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Calvinism originated in the 16th century as part of the Protestant Reformation, significantly influencing Europe’s religious landscape, especially in countries like Switzerland, France, and Scotland.
2. John Calvin's 'Institutes of the Christian Religion' laid out the theological foundations of Calvinism and emphasized God's absolute sovereignty and human depravity.
3. Calvinism promoted a disciplined lifestyle and strong work ethic among its followers, which contributed to the development of capitalist societies in some regions.
4. The movement led to the establishment of various Reformed churches that adopted Calvinist doctrines, resulting in different interpretations and practices within Christianity.
5. Calvinist thought also had significant political implications, as it encouraged ideas about resistance against unjust rulers and helped shape modern concepts of democracy and civil rights.

Review Questions

• How did Calvinism influence social structures in land-based empires during the Reformation?
  • Calvinism influenced social structures in land-based empires by promoting a strong work ethic and disciplined lifestyle among its adherents. This emphasis on morality and personal responsibility led to significant changes in community organization and governance. In areas where Calvinism was prominent, such as Geneva, social order was linked closely to religious beliefs, resulting in communities that valued education, civic responsibility, and active participation in governance.
• Discuss the impact of predestination within Calvinist communities and how it shaped their worldview.
  • Predestination was central to Calvinist beliefs and profoundly shaped the worldview of its communities. It instilled a sense of assurance for believers who viewed their status as the elect with confidence in their salvation. However, it also created anxiety among others who feared they might not be among the chosen. This duality led to intense moral scrutiny within communities as individuals sought signs of their election through righteous living and adherence to Calvinist teachings.
• Evaluate how Calvinism contributed to political thought during the Reformation and its lasting effects on modern governance.
  • Calvinism contributed significantly to political thought during the Reformation by introducing concepts like resistance against unjust rulers based on the idea that all authority comes from God. This theological stance encouraged individuals to challenge tyranny when it conflicted with divine principles. The emphasis on accountability within governance laid foundational ideas for modern democratic principles, leading to discussions about civil rights and responsibilities that resonate in contemporary political discourse.

Related terms

Predestination: The doctrine that God has eternally chosen those whom he intends to save, leading to the belief that salvation is predetermined and not based on individual actions.

Reformed Church: A Christian denomination that emerged from the Calvinist tradition, characterized by a focus on biblical authority, covenant theology, and a commitment to a form of governance that includes congregational participation.

Theocracy: A system of government in which priests or religious leaders control the state, basing laws and policies on religious principles, often seen in communities influenced by Calvinism.