Bias

Definition

Bias refers to a systematic deviation from the true value or an unfair influence that affects the results of statistical analysis. It can occur during data collection, sampling, or analysis and leads to inaccurate or misleading conclusions.

Related terms

Selection Bias: Selection bias occurs when certain individuals or groups are more likely to be included in a sample than others, leading to an unrepresentative sample.

Nonresponse Bias: Nonresponse bias happens when individuals who choose not to respond differ systematically from those who do respond, resulting in biased estimates.

Confounding Variable: A confounding variable is an extraneous factor that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable simultaneously. It can introduce bias into statistical analyses if not properly accounted for.