A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things by stating that one thing is another. It goes beyond a simple comparison and creates a new meaning.
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Símil: A simile is similar to a metaphor but uses "like" or "as" to make the comparison explicit. For example, "She runs like the wind."
Personificación: Personification gives human qualities or characteristics to non-human objects or ideas. For instance, "The flowers danced in the breeze."
Metonimia: Metonymy replaces the name of something with an associated word or phrase. An example would be saying "the crown" instead of referring to the king or queen.