James-Lange Theory: This theory suggests that our subjective experience of an emotion is a result of perceiving specific physiological changes in our body. For example, feeling afraid because we notice our racing heart.
Cannon-Bard Theory: This theory proposes that both physiological arousal and emotional experiences occur simultaneously, but independently. In other words, we can feel fear without first experiencing bodily changes.
Two-Factor Theory: Schachter-Singer's two-factor theory asserts that emotions are a combination of physical arousal and cognitive interpretation or labeling. It emphasizes the importance of cognitive appraisal in determining emotional experiences.