Zone of Proximal Development: This term refers to the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or assistance from a more knowledgeable individual.
Scaffolding: Scaffolding is a teaching technique where an instructor provides temporary support or guidance to help learners accomplish tasks within their zone of proximal development.
Cultural-Historical Theory: Also known as Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, it emphasizes how social interaction and cultural factors shape cognitive development.