Reinforcement: Reinforcement refers to any event or stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. For example, giving praise for completing homework can act as reinforcement.
Punishment: Punishment refers to any event or stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. For instance, taking away privileges for breaking curfew can serve as punishment.
Extinction: Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior no longer receives reinforcement, leading to its gradual disappearance over time.