Stereotyping: Stereotyping refers to making assumptions about individuals based on generalizations or preconceived notions. In academic tracking, it could involve unfairly labeling students as "smart" or "dumb" based solely on test scores.
Educational Equity: Educational equity is the concept of ensuring all students have access to equal resources and opportunities in education. It questions whether academic tracking perpetuates inequalities by limiting certain groups' access to advanced courses.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an expectation about someone's behavior influences them to act in ways that confirm that expectation. In academic tracking, if students are placed in lower tracks, they may receive less support and opportunities, which can hinder their overall performance and reinforce initial perceptions of ability.