key term - V 4/3 chord

Definition

A V 4/3 chord is a type of seventh chord that functions as the dominant chord in a key, specifically in second inversion. This chord is built on the fifth scale degree and typically resolves to the tonic. The unique voicing, which places the fifth of the chord in the bass, creates a specific tension that leads strongly to the following tonic, enhancing the sense of resolution.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The V 4/3 chord is typically notated as 'V 4/3' to indicate its function as a dominant seventh chord in second inversion.
2. This chord usually contains the notes of the dominant seventh chord with the fifth in the bass, which can create an unstable sound that seeks resolution.
3. In common practice, a V 4/3 chord often resolves to the tonic (I) or can lead into other chords like vi or ii, depending on the harmonic context.
4. The presence of this inversion often occurs before a cadence, making it an important component in harmonic progressions that create tension.
5. Using a V 4/3 can add richness to harmonic textures and is frequently employed in classical and popular music to enhance melodic movement.

Review Questions

• How does the V 4/3 chord create tension within a harmonic progression?
  • The V 4/3 chord creates tension primarily through its unique voicing, where the fifth of the dominant seventh chord is placed in the bass. This inversion produces an unstable sound that strongly wants to resolve to the tonic. The movement from V 4/3 to I is particularly effective because it establishes a sense of direction and closure in music, making it a critical component of effective harmonic progression.
• Discuss how the V 4/3 chord functions differently than other inversions of dominant chords.
  • The V 4/3 chord stands out from other inversions because it specifically places the fifth of the chord in the bass, which influences how it resolves. While root position and first inversion V chords also lead to tonic resolutions, they do so with different levels of intensity and approach. The second inversion enhances instability and creates a strong pull towards the tonic, making it particularly effective in cadential settings where resolution is key.
• Evaluate how incorporating V 4/3 chords into compositions can impact overall musical expression and tension resolution.
  • Incorporating V 4/3 chords into compositions significantly enhances musical expression by introducing unique tensions that challenge listeners' expectations. This tension encourages stronger resolutions when moving to tonic chords or other harmonies, enriching overall emotional depth. By skillfully utilizing this inversion alongside various harmonic progressions, composers can manipulate listener experience, emphasizing moments of climax and resolution that define effective musical storytelling.

Related terms

Dominant Chord: A dominant chord is built on the fifth scale degree and typically includes a major triad and a minor seventh. It plays a crucial role in establishing tension that resolves to the tonic.

Inversion:

Inversion refers to the arrangement of the notes in a chord so that a note other than the root is in the bass. This affects the chord's sound and function within a progression.

Tonic Chord:

The tonic chord is built on the first scale degree and serves as the home base or point of resolution in a key. It is crucial for establishing tonal stability.