key term - Subdominant Chord (IV or iv)

Definition

The subdominant chord, labeled as IV for major chords and iv for minor chords, serves as a predominant harmony in Western music. This chord typically functions to create tension that leads to the dominant chord (V), and it often appears before the dominant in harmonic progressions. The subdominant can help set up the resolution to the tonic chord (I), making it an essential part of creating musical phrases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The subdominant chord is built on the fourth scale degree of a major or minor scale, which gives it its name.
2. In a major key, the subdominant chord is a major chord (IV), while in a minor key, it is typically a minor chord (iv).
3. This chord often precedes the dominant chord (V) in common harmonic progressions, creating a sense of movement toward resolution.
4. Subdominant chords can also create contrast and variety in melodic phrases by introducing different qualities of sound before returning to the tonic.
5. The use of subdominant chords can enhance the emotional quality of music, contributing to feelings of longing or anticipation.

Review Questions

• How does the subdominant chord function within harmonic progressions?
  • The subdominant chord functions as a predominant harmony that prepares for the dominant chord. By creating tension leading to the V chord, it sets up an expectation for resolution back to the tonic. In this way, it plays a crucial role in establishing musical phrases and guiding listeners through harmonic journeys.
• Discuss how the characteristics of subdominant chords differ between major and minor keys.
  • In major keys, the subdominant chord is built on the fourth scale degree and is characterized as a major chord (IV), which tends to sound bright and uplifting. In contrast, in minor keys, the subdominant is usually a minor chord (iv), imparting a more somber or introspective quality. This difference in quality influences how these chords contribute to emotional expression within musical phrases.
• Evaluate the impact of using subdominant chords in compositions on overall musical structure and listener perception.
  • Using subdominant chords significantly impacts a composition's structure by providing a clear pathway from tension to resolution. These chords enhance listener perception by creating moments of anticipation before resolving into the tonic or dominant. The strategic use of IV or iv chords helps to establish thematic development and contributes to a rich emotional landscape, allowing composers to manipulate mood and intensity throughout their pieces.

Related terms

Tonic Chord (I): The tonic chord is the home chord of a key, serving as the foundation of tonal music and providing a sense of resolution.

Dominant Chord (V): The dominant chord, built on the fifth scale degree, creates tension that resolves back to the tonic, often leading to strong resolutions in music.

Predominant Function:

Predominant function refers to harmonies that prepare the dominant chord, establishing a path toward tension and resolution within a harmonic progression.