key term - Parallel fifths

Definition

Parallel fifths occur when two voices move in the same direction by the same interval of a perfect fifth, resulting in both voices maintaining the same distance apart throughout the movement. This practice is generally avoided in traditional voice leading due to the potential for a lack of independence between the voices, which can diminish the overall harmonic texture and clarity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Parallel fifths can create a lack of voice independence, making them undesirable in traditional four-part harmony, especially in classical contexts.
2. They are often found in less strict styles, such as folk music or certain jazz genres, where the rules of voice leading are not as rigorously applied.
3. In chorale writing, parallel fifths can compromise the clarity of harmonies, leading to muddy textures that detract from the intended musical expression.
4. Avoiding parallel fifths is particularly emphasized when working with seventh chords, as it can lead to dissonant intervals that are harder to resolve.
5. Composers often use contrary motion between voices as a way to maintain independence and avoid parallel fifths, enriching the overall harmonic structure.

Review Questions

• How do parallel fifths impact the independence of voices in traditional harmony?
  • Parallel fifths reduce the independence of voices because when two voices move together by a perfect fifth, they maintain their distance and create a homogenous sound. This results in a less dynamic interaction between the parts, which is contrary to the goals of traditional voice leading where each voice should have its own unique character. In classical harmony, this lack of independence is why parallel fifths are often avoided.
• Discuss how parallel fifths can affect the overall texture of a musical composition.
  • The use of parallel fifths can significantly affect the texture of a composition by making it sound less distinct and more blurred. When voices move in parallel fifths, they create a uniformity that can detract from the richness and complexity typically desired in multi-voiced music. This can result in a loss of clarity and contrast between melodic lines, making it harder for listeners to discern individual parts. Therefore, composers often aim for varied voice leading techniques to enhance textural depth.
• Evaluate the use of parallel fifths in modern genres versus classical compositions, and how this reflects changing approaches to harmony.
  • In modern genres like jazz and folk music, parallel fifths are often embraced for their unique sound and expressive qualities, allowing for greater freedom in composition. This contrasts with classical compositions where strict adherence to voice leading rules discourages their use due to concerns about voice independence. The acceptance of parallel fifths in contemporary music reflects a broader shift towards exploring new harmonic possibilities and less conventional structures, showcasing how composers adapt their approaches to fit different stylistic contexts.

Related terms

Voice Leading:

The technique of writing music so that individual melodic lines or voices are harmonically and melodically independent while still working together as a cohesive unit.

Dissonance:

A combination of tones that creates tension and instability, often resolved by moving to consonance, which is more stable and harmonious.

Counterpoint:

The relationship between two or more independent melodic lines that are harmonically interdependent, often used to create complex textures in music.