key term - I-ii-V-I progression

Definition

The I-ii-V-I progression is a common chord sequence used in Western music that establishes a strong tonal foundation. This progression starts on the tonic (I), moves to the supertonic (ii), then to the dominant (V), and resolves back to the tonic (I). It effectively creates a sense of movement and resolution, which is crucial for developing musical phrases and is especially relevant in the context of predominance and melodic structure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The I-ii-V-I progression is foundational in many genres, including classical, jazz, and pop music, often used to create tension and resolution within a piece.
2. The ii chord in this progression is usually a seventh chord (ii7), adding richness and complexity, which enhances the overall harmonic texture.
3. This progression often appears in both major and minor keys, but its function can change slightly depending on the context of the key.
4. In jazz, variations such as substitutions or extended chords are commonly applied to the I-ii-V-I progression to add complexity and interest.
5. The I-ii-V-I progression emphasizes voice leading principles, ensuring smooth transitions between chords through careful movement of individual notes.

Review Questions

• How does the I-ii-V-I progression function to create tension and resolution in a musical piece?
  • The I-ii-V-I progression creates tension through its movement from the tonic (I) to the dominant (V), where the dominant chord builds anticipation. The ii chord serves as a predominant function that leads smoothly into the V chord, setting up for a strong resolution back to the tonic. This sequence not only establishes a clear tonal center but also guides listeners through a satisfying musical journey.
• Discuss how adding predominant function chords like ii and IV impacts melodic phrasing when using an I-ii-V-I progression.
  • Adding predominant function chords such as ii and IV enriches melodic phrasing by creating smoother transitions and more engaging harmonic content. The ii chord introduces more color before reaching the dominant, which creates anticipation for returning to the tonic. This layered approach allows composers to develop more intricate melodies while maintaining a strong sense of direction within the I-ii-V-I framework.
• Evaluate the importance of voice leading within the I-ii-V-I progression, particularly in terms of creating effective musical phrases.
  • Voice leading is critical within the I-ii-V-I progression because it facilitates smooth transitions between chords while minimizing large leaps. Each voice ideally moves by step or remains stationary, allowing for greater coherence in harmony. Effective voice leading not only strengthens melodic lines but also enhances emotional impact, making musical phrases feel more connected and purposeful as they navigate through this established chord sequence.

Related terms

Tonic:

The first degree of a scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in a musical key.

Dominant:

The fifth degree of a scale, which creates tension that typically resolves to the tonic, often using the V-I cadence.

Predominant Function:

Chords that lead into the dominant, typically the ii and IV chords, playing a key role in establishing harmonic movement.