Citation:
Themes are central ideas or underlying messages explored in a literary work. They go beyond just summarizing events and characters; instead, they reflect broader concepts about life and human nature.
Motifs are recurring elements or patterns that contribute to the development of themes.
Symbols can be used to represent and reinforce themes within a literary work.
Irony is when there's a contrast between what is expected and what actually happens, often used to highlight or emphasize certain themes.