The Meiji era was a period in Japanese history from 1868 to 1912 when Japan underwent significant modernization and Westernization after centuries of isolation.
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維新 (いしん): Restoration refers to the political movement during the late Edo period that aimed at restoring power to the emperor and bringing about social and political reforms.
西洋化 (せいようか): Westernization refers to adopting Western customs, technologies, and ideologies in order to modernize society.
文明開化 (ぶんめいかいか): Civilization enlightenment refers to efforts made during the Meiji era to introduce Western knowledge and values into Japanese society.