Peripheral Model

Definition

The Peripheral Model is an urban structure concept that explains the layout of cities, particularly in developing countries, highlighting how urban areas are organized around a central business district (CBD) surrounded by a ring of suburbs and peripheral areas. This model illustrates how lower-income populations often reside in outlying areas, which can lead to spatial segregation and varying access to resources and services.

Case Studies

• In the United States, cities like Los Angeles exemplify the Peripheral Model, with multiple centers or 'nodes' such as Hollywood and Santa Monica operating almost independently but still connected to the main city.
• The Greater London area in the United Kingdom can be seen as following this model with its numerous boroughs like Croydon and Canary Wharf developing as peripheral hubs.

Impact

The Peripheral Model influences urban sprawl and infrastructure development. It can lead to increased reliance on automobiles, changing land-use patterns, and can shape policies on transportation and housing. Economically, it contributes to the growth of edge cities which often become dynamic centers for jobs and commerce outside traditional downtown areas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Peripheral Model suggests that cities in developing countries often have a distinct separation between wealthier suburbs and poorer peripheral areas, which can lead to social disparities.
2. In this model, transportation networks are crucial as they connect the CBD to the peripheral zones, impacting accessibility and commuting patterns.
3. The layout of the Peripheral Model can result in significant challenges regarding urban planning and infrastructure development due to the spread-out nature of suburban growth.
4. This model is particularly relevant in understanding how economic changes affect urban development, especially as cities expand to accommodate growing populations.
5. The Peripheral Model also emphasizes the importance of informal settlements often found in peripheral areas, highlighting issues related to housing, services, and urban poverty.

Review Questions

• How does the Peripheral Model illustrate the relationship between socio-economic status and residential location within a city?
  • The Peripheral Model demonstrates that socio-economic status directly influences where people live within a city. Wealthier individuals tend to inhabit the suburbs surrounding the Central Business District (CBD), enjoying access to better amenities and services. In contrast, lower-income populations often reside in more remote peripheral areas, facing challenges such as limited access to public transportation and essential services. This spatial segregation creates a clear divide in living conditions based on income levels.
• Discuss how transportation networks play a vital role in shaping the urban structure presented by the Peripheral Model.
  • Transportation networks are essential in the Peripheral Model as they determine accessibility between the CBD and peripheral areas. Well-developed roadways and public transport options can enhance connectivity for residents living in outlying neighborhoods, enabling them to commute to jobs and access resources within the city. Conversely, inadequate transportation can exacerbate social disparities by isolating peripheral communities from economic opportunities and essential services located in the CBD.
• Evaluate the implications of urban sprawl as illustrated by the Peripheral Model on environmental sustainability and urban planning practices.
  • Urban sprawl, as depicted in the Peripheral Model, poses significant challenges for environmental sustainability and effective urban planning. The spread of low-density suburban developments leads to increased vehicle dependency, contributing to higher carbon emissions and traffic congestion. Additionally, sprawling growth can strain public resources such as water supply and waste management systems. Urban planners must address these issues by promoting smart growth strategies that focus on infill development and enhancing public transportation options to create more sustainable urban environments.

Related terms

Central Business District (CBD): The commercial and business center of a city, typically characterized by high land values, tall buildings, and a concentration of business activities.

Urban Sprawl: The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding rural land, often leading to the spread of low-density housing and infrastructure.

Edge City: A term used to describe a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside the traditional downtown area, often emerging in the suburbs.